Assessing how the US stacks up against China across each layer of the modern AI value chain.
Last Updated: January 2026
The AI supply chain is a complex web of interdependencies. Click on any layer to explore the competitive dynamics between the US and China.
Overall competitive assessment across all layers of the AI supply chain.
The United States and its allies maintain a commanding lead across most layers of the AI supply chain, particularly in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, fabrication, and AI accelerator production. China holds advantages in critical mineral refinement and power infrastructure, foundational inputs that could become increasingly important as AI scaling continues.
Export controls have successfully limited China's access to cutting-edge chips, but the gap at the frontier model layer is narrowing. The race is not over.
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